Dual mode tuning arrangement

ABSTRACT

In a local oscillator for a tuning arrangement for both TV and FM signals there is substantial risk of parasitic oscillation. A special provision is disclosed for effectively reducing this risk. The special provision is a connection of a damping resistor (R 1   a ) for suppressing parsitic oscillations between ground and a junction (J 2 ) of a parallel LC resonator of the local oscillator.

The invention relates to a dual mode tuning arrangement for tuning to VHF television signals and to FM radio signals, said arrangement having a local oscillator circuit comprising a first series arrangement of first and second inductances, a second series arrangement of a variable capacitance diode and a first padding capacitor, said first and second series arrangements being interconnected at first and second junctions to constitute a parallel arrangement, an active oscillator element being connected between the first junction of said parallel arrangement and ground, a third series arrangement of a mode switching diode and a second padding capacitor connected in parallel with one of said first and second inductances, means for supplying a tuning voltage to the junction of the variable capacitance diode and the first padding capacitor and means for supplying a mode switching voltage to the junction of the mode switching diode and the second padding capacitor. Such dual mode tuning arrangement is used in applicant's publicly available TV-FM tuner FM1200MK2.

In an arrangement of the abovementioned kind it is desirable to use the same local-oscillator circuit for both modes because the FM radio-band (88-110 MHz) lies between the VHF TV-bands. However, a different intermediate frequency is required for the reception of TV signals and the reception of FM signals. For reception of FM signals the intermediate frequency is 10,7 MHz whereas for the reception of TV signals the intermediate frequency is either 38,9 MHz (European PAL-standard) or 45,75 MHz (US NTSC-standard). Therefore the local oscillator circuit needs to be switched so that the local oscillator frequency is lower in the FM mode than in the TV mode. This is the function of the mode switch.

The nature of simple mode tuned circuits is that they have very high impedance at resonance while on either side of the resonance frequency the impedance quickly decays to very low levels. Hence in those circuits only a single oscillation is sustained. However, in dual mode tuned circuits of the abovementioned kind, unwanted or parasitic oscillations may easily occur and these parasitic oscillations have to be sufficiently damped. This is particularly critical in applications where a phase locked loop (PLL) synthesizer measures the actual frequency and uses the result to line up the tuned circuit. If the PLL would acquire an undesired oscillation it can be driven into “lock up”.

In the abovementioned publicly known tuning arrangement a provision is made to damp parasitic oscillations by grounding the junction point between the two inductances through a relatively low-value damping resistor. However it appeared that this solution is not sufficiently satisfactory. The active oscillation element (the PLL) is usually realized in integrated form and it appears that with modern PLL synthesizer IC's with improved high frequency performance the known dual mode tuned circuit still has substantial problems with parasitic oscillations. Increasing the value of the damping resistor may increase the damping of parasitic oscillation, however this solution would result in more noise with lower performance of the oscillator. Another problem is that there is a practical upper limit to the value of the damping resistor by the fact that this resistor also functions as a DC path to ground for the mode switching diode.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved dual mode tuning arrangement with reduced risk of parasitic oscillations and the arrangement according to the invention is therefore characterized by a damping resistor for suppressing parasitic oscillations connected between the second junction of said parallel arrangement and ground.

Apart from the reduced risk of parasitic oscillations the arrangement of the present invention has the additional advantage that the desired oscillations are substantially not influenced by the damping resistor and the advantage that the modification can be accomplished without any change of layout of the printed circuit board which usually carries the components of the arrangement.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Herein shows:

FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of the prior art dual mode tuning arrangement,

FIG. 2 graphs representing the impedance versus frequency characteristic of the arrangement of FIG. 1 in both modes,

FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a dual mode tuning arrangement according to the invention and

FIG. 4 graphs representing the impedance versus frequency characteristic of the arrangement of FIG. 3 in both modes.

The tuning arrangement of FIG. 1 comprises a first series-arrangement of two inductors L₁ and L₂ and a second series-arrangement of a variable capacitance diode C_(v) and a padding capacitor C_(p1). The two series arrangements are interconnected at junctions J₁ and J₂ to constitute a parallel arrangement. A small capacitor C₃ is connected in parallel with the variable capacitance diode C_(v). The junction J₁ of the two series-arrangements is connected to an amplifier A through a coupling capacitor C₁ and a positive feedback capacitor C₂. The amplifier A and the two capacitors C₁ and C₂ constitute the active part of the arrangement or current source S that supplies an AC current to the junction J₁. A tuning voltage V_(t) is applied through a resistor R₃ to the junction of the variable capacitance diode C_(v) and the padding capacitor C_(p1). The tuning voltage may be e.g. be derived from a frequency synthesizer that is located, together with the amplifier A, in a monolithic integrated circuit.

A third series arrangement of a mode switching diode C_(sw) and a second padding capacitor C_(p2) is connected in parallel with the inductor L₂ and a mode-switching voltage V_(s) is applied to the junction of the mode switching diode and the second padding capacitor through a resistor R₂. The junction of the inductors L₁ and L₂ is grounded through a relatively small damping resistor R₁.

In operation, during FM reception, no switching voltage is applied through the resistor R₂ and the switching diode C_(sw) behaves like a small capacitor of e.g. 1 pF. In this FM-mode the elements L₁, L₂, C_(p1) and C_(v)+C₃ constitute a resonant circuit whose resonant frequency substantially determines the desired oscillator frequency. Varying the tuning voltage V_(t) varies this frequency within the range required for tuning within the FM radio band. The values of the padding capacitor C_(p1) and the capacitor C₃ assure that the oscillator frequency substantially tracks with the tuned input circuits (not shown) at a distance of 10,7 MHz.

During reception of TV signals a positive voltage VS is applied through resistor R₂ to the mode switching diode C_(sw). In this mode the diode C_(sw) behaves like a capacitance of e.g. 1 nF. This capacitance and the padding capacitor C_(p2) bypass the inductor L₂, so that the resonant circuit is now formed by the elements L₁, C_(v)+C₃, C_(p1), C_(p2) and C_(sw).

The resistor R₁ serves to damp any parasitic oscillation of the arrangement. To analyse the parasitic oscillation behaviour of the arrangement it is convenient to consider the active current source S as a negative impedance and to calculate the (positive) impedance of the tank circuit (i.e. all elements of the arrangement except the source S) as seen by the current source S. Oscillation will take place at any frequency where the tank circuit impedance is greater than the negative impedance of the current source. For the determination of the tank-circuit impedance a stray capacitance C_(s1) of the junction J1 to ground and a second stray capacitance C_(s2) of the junction of C_(sw) and C_(p2) to ground have been taken into account.

The impedance of the tank-circuit is shown in FIG. 2 with the frequency (in MHz) along the horizontal axis and the amplitude of the impedance (in dB) along the vertical axis. For the calculation the following realistic values were chosen:

L₁=170 nH, L₂=120 nH, R₁=5,6 Ω, R₂=10 kΩ, R₃=10 kΩ, C₃=0,5 pF, C_(p1)=120 nF, C_(p2)=220 nF, C_(s1)=0,8 pF and C_(s2)=0,8 pF.

C_(v)=7,5 pF which is somewhere in the middle of the tuning range.

C_(sw)=1 pF in FM-mode and 1 nF in TV-mode.

In FIG. 2 the curve I represents the impedance of the tank-circuit in FM mode and the curve II represents this impedance in TV mode.

In TV mode the desired oscillation frequency occurs at the resonance peal R_(II) (approximately 130 MHz). In this mode there is no parasitic resonance within the range of measurement between 0 and 800 MHz. In FM mode the desired oscillation frequency occurs at the resonance peak R_(I) (approximately 100 MHz). In this mode however, also a parasitic resonance peak P_(I) exists at approximately 375 MHz. This parasitic resonance is mainly attributed to current travelling in the loop C_(s1), L₁, R₁. From the graph of FIG. 2 it can be seen that the impedance at this parasitic oscillation is only about 10 dB lower than that of the desired oscillation. This is too less to be sure that no parasitic oscillation at this frequency would occur.

An improved arrangement is shown in FIG. 3. The only difference with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 1 is that the damping resistor R₁ is now replaced by a damping resistor R_(1a), which is connected between the junction J₂ and ground. FIG. 4 shows the impedance-graph of the so modified arrangement with the same values as given above and with the same value for the resistor R_(1a) as for the resistor R₁ of FIG. 1. The graph shows that the parasitic peak P_(I) in FM mode is significantly reduced and also shifted away from the desired oscillation frequency (to approximately 500 MHz) so that the risk of parasitic oscillation is substantially minimized. It may also be seen that a parasitic peak P_(II) is now present in the TV mode, however this peak has sufficiently reduced level and a sufficiently low frequency that no risk of parasitic oscillation on this peak exists.

It has to be noted that in the arrangement of FIG. 3 modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. E.g. the inductor L₁ and the inductor L₂ with parallel connected C_(sw)-C_(p2) combination may be interchanged. Also in the two series arrangements C_(v)-C_(p1) and C_(sw)-C_(p2) the components may be interchanged with proper choice of the polarity of the respective diode. 

1. A dual mode tuning arrangement for tuning to VHF television signals and to FM radio signals, said arrangement having a local oscillator circuit comprising a first series arrangement of first and second inductances (L₁, L₂), a second series arrangement of a variable capacitance diode (C_(v)) and a first padding capacitor (C_(p1)), said first and second series arrangements being interconnected at first and second junctions (J₁, J₂) to constitute a parallel arrangement, an active oscillator element (S) being connected between the first junction (J₁) of said parallel arrangement and ground, a third series arrangement of a mode switching diode (C_(sw)) and a second padding capacitor (C_(p2)) connected in parallel with one of said first and second inductances, means (R₃) for supplying a tuning voltage (V_(t)) to the junction of the variable capacitance diode (C_(v)) and the first padding capacitor (C_(p1)) and means (R₂) for supplying a mode switching voltage (V_(s)) to the junction of the mode switching diode (C_(sw)) and the second padding capacitor (C_(p2)), characterized by a damping resistor (R_(1a)) for suppressing parasitic oscillations connected between the second junction (J₂) of said parallel arrangement and ground. 